Clojure folks do that. Don't know about all of them, but lots of them do. You even have emacs cider shortcuts to run tests from a live repl.
The usual workflow was something like
(comment
;; experiments go here
(defn add [a b]
(+ a b))
(= 2 (add 1 1))
(= 3 (add 1 2))
(= 99 (add 9 90))
)
Once you have what you want, you move the code out of the comment block. Whether you move it into a library or a test file is just dependent on the type of thing you're moving. Functions moved into library code. The samples that proved the happy paths (or unhappy paths) would go into test files using `clojure.test/is` (and typically a direct copy/paste).