I've seen managers stuck in their level for years and years. Then a new candidate comes in for a Manager role, asks for more money, and (boom!) they're hired as a Director. Fuck everyone else who was already running teams successfully and trying to grow. Same for individual contributors. Best route is the insta-promotion during hiring negotiation.
You want a promotion but don't want to switch companies? Gee sorry your scope isn't wide enough yet. You're doing a fine job --a good job, even-- but you have to understand that this was already the expected job level... we need to "see more."
Every performance-review meeting I've been in, when one manager brings up one of their people for promotion, immediately some other manager will jump in and say "No I don't know about that, someone on my team had a bad interaction with them once... nope not ready for promotion" and that's that. Only once in a blue moon does the room agree that someone should get the promotion. Hallelujah!