> I don't think it makes sense to the same degree. Simple compositions of elementary functions, e.g. exp(x^2), do not have indefinite integrals.

While it's clear what you meant, it's mathematically important to note that functions like yours, and, indeed, all continuous functions, definitely do have indefinite integrals—that of `exp(x^2)` even has a name (https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Erfi.html); those integrals just aren't elementary, in the same technical sense in which you are using the word (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_function).