Opinion: Case for removing master-slave terminology from music production tools
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These are just distractions from real issues. This isn't even incremental progress; it's a conscious choice to do nothing while looking good like you're actually "doing something".
“a man who has people working for him, especially servants or slaves.”
Wouldn’t that seem to justify moving in a direction of updating these terms?
The other 3 definitions google offers make no reference to slavery unless you really want to stretch "in charge of an organization or group" just to be offended.
For me, it's more about looking at the potential for harm. I happen to be a white man with no particular harm one way or another associated with terms like these, but I can understand how people with other experiences might feel impacted by being surrounded by terminology like this.
It doesn't hurt me at all to change the terms I use, and if other people with other backgrounds think it's important to do it, I don't have any problem with that.
We need serious reform in our policing and prisons in the US. Every time serious reform is demanded in any real way, the distractions get brought up and the real issues are minimized. I don't believe for a moment that this is accidental.
As someone who has black siblings who are now having children of their own, I am infinitely more offended that the real issues get strategically minimized. Look at the reactions to these threads for an example. Look at how many people (black and white) are saying it's an [0]"obvious distraction" or a non-issue.
[0] https://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/h8w36t/github_...
Personally, I would settle on the side of updating the terms and not being too worried about it or expending further thought, because the use of these specific master/slave terms isn't something I'm attached to. It's a habit I don't mind updating.
I also think, tentatively, that it's not really for me to decide how big a deal this is. I just don't have the experience to understand how big an impact these terms might have. It seems plausible that distractors would get thrown around at a time like this to expend energy without attacking any real structures which would make life more uncomfortable, and I appreciate your bringing it up because I might not have thought about it in those terms.
For myself, I'm happy for these terms to get updated, and I intend to do what I can to focus on continuing to educate myself and try to learn how I can be more effective in deconstructing things that cause harm to people, and to trying to learn more about what it means to be anti-racist.
In terms of values, that's how I think I want to approach something like this, and I respect that other people have a different approach-- I don't mind, as long as the approach people take isn't rooted in things that will perpetuate violence and harm toward people.
If the black folks discussing the topic seem to think it's harmful (and based on the upvote counts they have a ton of support for that opinion) then I'm inclined to agree.
To put it rather bluntly, I wonder what the opinion of the protestors on the street would be while they're facing down rubber bullets and tear gas. I imagine they'd want to fry bigger fish.
Responding to that interpretation, I would say:
1. I need to take responsibility for the knives in my kitchen in the same way that I need to take responsibility for the words that come out of my mouth. If my knives are cutting people, then I would need to get rid of them. Apparently the use of these words are cutting people, and so the notion of replacing them with less harmful alternatives isn't worrisome to me
2. I would also say that the potential for harm being everywhere is not a reason for me to ignore this specific instance
3. Yes, I do think that the end goal is to change the universe. It's okay with me if the medium of change is small actions, if that's what's available
It can function like a pressure relief valve. An immediate example that comes to mind is the firing of 6 APD officers that discharged tasers at protestors. Subsequently, nothing structural in the police department changed, but protests dissipated because of the 'victory' and then an even worse botched arrest occured because nothing fundamental had changed.
Ironically it is possible both that someone is "right" on an issue and someone who is better off not encouraged. Contrary to what some believe there are bad tactics regardless of target.
So, for example, creating a CD master, or remastering, is fine.
The issue is with the master/slave pairing.
Consider devices connected on an i2c communication bus. One device is literally acting as the master and dictating to the slaves, who have no choice in the matter.
To argue that the terms should be changed is to deny the reality of the situation - some of those devices are enslaved. Not followers, slaves!
My grandmother from my father's side was enslaved by Nazis not long ago
Master/slave has nothing to do with black people, it was picked up because it was the right terminology for the job.
Master-slave was already in use in Mesopotamia (3.000 b.c.) in religious texts to express the relation between Gods and men.
BTW there have been slaves long after black people were freed in US, for example in Zarist Russia it was abolished in 1861 when half of the population were serves, but it kinda went on the same
In 1915 Nikolai Berdayev (a russian philosopher) wrote
> “Russia is a country of unbelievable servility and terrible humility, a country lacking any consciousness of the rights of the individual, and which fails to stand up for the dignity of the individual…”
There have been slaves in USSR
There were slaves during Franco dictatorship, that lasted until 1975
There are slaves in many third World countries right now in the form of forced labour, forced sexual exploitation, forced marriage and forced relocation
Thinking that slavery is a monopoly of black people from US is a form of cultural appropriation itself.
But if you mean there were slaves before the american system of chattel slavery, sure. But what's your point? Are you trying to explain to the descendants of slaves that they shouldn't be offended or at least bothered by the popular use of slavery terms because they weren't the first?
Secondly, we must set some basic rules when discussing about complex topics such is this one.
The first rule is that if you are not a descendant of African slaves, you can't speak in their name.
And even if you are, I doubt you can speak for all of them.
Just like I don't speak on behalf of every Italian, living or dead.
The second is that I descend from Romans, but I can't teach Roman history better than a scholar who studied it in Australia.
My grandfather was a tailor, I know nothing about tailoring, so "are you trying to explain X to the descendants of Y" 200 years later doesn't qualify as an argument.
I could well be a descendant from Africans more than any American who's been living there for more than 3 generations. During WW2 where my family comes from, the "Marocchinate" ( https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marocchinate ), there's even a movie about it it's called Two Women in English, La Ciociara in Italian, Sophia Loren was in it and won the academy award as best actress. I look like a North African, which is not a typical trait of my family's, so who knows what really happened.
I don't hate Moroccan people, I don't hate black people, it's in the past, Moroccans I know are not responsible for it and when I go to a bar to have breakfast and someone orders a Moroccan coffee I don't feel offended because 80 years ago a lot of women were killed and raped in my home region.
The popular word slave is a problem only for a small fraction of the world population, when I was a kid and learnt about slaves in Egypt that built the pyramids I dreamt about being one, so I got to build pyramids.
Our history books are full of stories about slavery, dating back thousands years before our lord and saviour Jesus.
The world slave applied to tools is quite common and it never bothered me nor did it make me a racist, the contrary is in fact true, I was usually bullied when I was younger by US military personnel stationed in my country (we have been somewhat colonized by US, you know...) because my family was communist. I say was because the Italian communist party doesn't exist anymore, but my family is still communist. It's ok in Italy, we don't eat kids, we don't pray to Stalin, we don't send people to Gulags.
We have a millenarian history, we don't pretend everybody shares it, please don't pretend your sensitivity is global, because it is not.
The point is that you can't link US slavery and today's racism in US with master/slave applied to inanimated things, because it's wrong, Sumerian already used it 4 thousands years ago.
Everyday I kill orphans which are made orphans by killing their parent on my computer, that didn't make me a serial killer.
https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-slave-engine-on-on-a-locomot...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_situation_indicator
Many religions nowadays are still based on the concept of a master God and a slave human follower
The Bible is the most simple example were slavery is accepted and considered normal (slaves, concubines, that became domesti workers but we're still slaves)
Another example is God that asks Abraham to kill his child, and Abraham obeys, because he's an "humble servant"
There are still many prayers that refer to God as The Lord (master) and the believers are servants to God (slaves to God, sometimes literally)
* “Amen, amen, I say to you, no slave is greater than his master nor any messenger greater than the one who sent him.” *
Said Jesus to his disciples in John 13:16
That's where it was born
And that's why it stayed
It really wasn't a joke, it was all very serious.
There are some places where renaming master/slave would, if anything, be a syntactic enhancement.
But the incentive at work is for corporate and professional virtue-signaling / clout-chasing, hence GitHub's decision to rename default branch from "master" to "main", which just muddles its purpose.
It may be relevant to whether or not you could or would likely understand adequately why this might bother someone.
Edit:
Downvotes won’t make this inconvenient reality go away.
Changing established technical terms just because less than 5% of the world population has some sensitivity to history before their grand-grand parents is excessive.
Don't make me remember what Italian's ancestors did to my ancestors, or else I will have to ask current Italians for reparations. Well, this sounds extremely stupid, is it?
That it does not upset you is of no consequence. That it may be hurtful to others has consequence.
It’s very little skin off our backs in the grand scheme. If it is a hill you’d like to die on though, do as you must.
I’d just suggest that there may be times things frustrate you that you do not understand, and it is then that it can be better to simply listen.
Take care.
And I add to what you said: don't make me remember what other Italians did to my Italian family, no more than 75 years ago.
We are actually not.
Master and slave will continue to exist in English.
Besides, your numbers are completely wrong, India and Nigerian have English as one of the official languages, if we sum them there are more people speaking English in those two countries alone than in the entire US of A.
Even in Europe there are more people speaking English than in the US.
EDIT
I ran the numbers
These are all countries where English is an official language
India 129,377,965
Nigeria 114,172,822
Pakistan 94,300,000
Philippines 70,371,000
United Kingdom 59,600,000
--------------------------
Total 467,821,787
US 283,160,411
Only considering these 5 countries (excluding the entire continent of Oceania)Maybe it's time that US people drop the attitude, because that's the main problem in their society: the feeling that they are on top of everything.
It doesn't surprise me at all the rampant racism in a society shaped around the illusion that you are the best and all the others can't even compete in the same league...
Why it's almost as if this is all a distraction that effectively benefits the already comfortable...
For some people who've been through this trauma, the words "master" and "slave" evoke one painful meaning first, before the alternative meaning is understood. If you've never personally experienced something like this, I've read it described as being punched in the stomach. And it's wholely unnecessary, so why not change it?
Words matter. Maybe they don't to you, but trust that people aren't lying when they say it does to them.
I'm super disappointed by the callous response to this: when people talk about gatekeeping in tech, or the myriad failures of tech to be accessible to marginalized people, this is what they mean. This is the culture that enables that.
"Recent" means about 2-300 years? I thought slavery was abolished in US over 150 years ago, that is several generations that never met, so other than books where are the memories? Have you ever met a slave? Have you ever heard about a slave in your lifetime? Do you know anyone who ever talked to a slave?
Anyways, there are plenty of southerners who care a great deal about confederate icons despite being just as far apart in time, why do they care about statues and flags of people who they have never met, who they have never talked to? There's still some sense of being wronged (I once listened to someone from Georgea talk about Sherman's March with a great degree of pain).
So yeah, there's still a number of Americans who have talked to a former slave.
And it is recent relative to the scale of the trauma it wrought -- we're talking an entire population of people subject to extreme brutality and repression.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_unfree_labor_in_the...
Please know that I ask this with all sincerity: does it matter to them? I'm a racial minority, but not black, and I would find it surprising if this was a top of mind issue for black employees in tech. I mean, you'll always find someone who feels some way about some topic, and I'm sure that this terminology would not have been a black person's first choice but is this something that black people in tech, in general, feel needs to be fixed? If so, count me in. I mean it, I'll help. But if not, I'm not sure why taking on a non-trivial amount of work to move the needle a trivial amount is something we should pursue. People only have so much bandwidth, so why not spend it in pursuing causes that will have a large impact?
Racial minorities have good reason to feel like they're often treated as second-class citizens in this country. Having police offers, over and over again, maim or kill people of color with no repercussions, for example, is the type of b.s. that keeps the wounds of slavery alive and raw today. The name of a branch in source code? I'm not denying that it bothers some people, but I'm willing to bet if you fixed the real problems that plague minorities, this type of stuff would not even be an issue.
Most black people aren't directly affected by police killings. It's the day to day drip of racism that they have to deal with that saps their mental energy.
But who does?
Where I come from (Rome) in 1515 the ruler of the times, the Pope, condemned slavery even if it was legal.
US abolished it 360 years later and it's still not pacified about it.
Maybe there are other issues to address first, in some countries more than others.
Maybe.
Does it apply to the use of "Hitler" in the name of a popular office party game?
Or one of HN's favorite terms "wage slavery"?
My main problem with these changes is that they seem to be done with the intention of virtue signaling by a bunch of white dudes.
Fail to consider: - 90% of the world doesn't share the US experience or baggage with the terminology - Changing standard terminology breaks communication standards, tutorials, and ubiquitous language we use to communicate in our profession.
Finally, this sets a precedent and can and will devolve wasting time, development efforts and making things worse without creating any meaningful positive change.
The other trend going on right now is dropping `master` from use on git repositories, when in reality `master` in that context has nothing to do with race.
Where do we stop? Should we start going after universities for using the term master's degree?
Do we need to boycott the World Chess Championship since chess is inherently racist; after all White moves first!!!
I'm all from inclusivity, for making people feel welcomed, and for us to build a better society; I just don't agree this is how we do it.
As for signalling, Sure we don't need to advertise it to ourselves and give accolades for something so simple. But we can do the bit and move on. I guess a lot of people are in love with the idea that if doing something is good then it must be being done in order to be _seen_ as doing good. That is bullshit unless you happen to know intent.
I'd rather GitHub keep "master" and have a onhover tooltip in the web UI showing a quote of the day about modern slavery or racism and linking to a way to take action.
But let‘s be clear: there’s a race problem in technology, just as there’s a gender problem in technology. If someone whose ancestors were enslaved were working in technology and encountered the terms master/slave … how would they feel? Would this be another of the thousands of microagressions that they face working in technology today? Would they ultimately leave technology because they can’t get any of their white coworkers to take these microaggressions seriously?
The answer, of course, is an ongoing yes to all of those. This is a trivial way to remove offensive microaggressions, and the pushback that is being received to this makes it very clear to racialized peoples that the real privilege is in the people who object to these inaccurate and offensive terms being changed for something more accurate and inoffensive.
I disagree that the use of the master/slave terminology in technology is racialized and I also disagree that it falls into the category of microaggression. A microaggression is e.g. "but you listen to rap right?" or "what exactly are you?" or "wassup homie" directed only at black people. If the comment or action is not directed at a person it's not a microaggression.
Finally, I am not opposed to changing the terminology, I think alternative words are fine, I just think now is perhaps the worst possible time in hisory to litigate this issue.
We'll just have to agree to disagree on the merits of measuring ideas based on importance. When it comes to social justice there is limited bandwidth for change, devoting attention to unimportant trivialities that have zero material impact on oppressed people hurts the effort for productive change, it's a waste of political captial and welcome fodder for racist agitators. For what? A label in some software programs that almost nobody ever thinks about. Litigating this now is worse than doing nothing.
> you're gate-keeping morality
I'm speaking out against something I believe is actively harmful to the movement for social justice. Characterizing that as gate-keeping is a rhetorical trick that frames my position as inherently inappropriate without actually addressing the substance of what I'm saying.
> Additionally, your use of the word "hilarious" is petty mockery
It is what it is. The sentiment of changing meaningless computer jargon as a response to racist police violence deserves to be mocked. The only positive thing this does is make privileged people feel good about themselves. People are quite literally being gassed and killed in the streets, the only people in the headspace to bikeshed over computer jargon in the context of racial injustice are those with considerable levels of privilege.
We're hitting rock bottom either way. Let's not drag down the software industry in the process.
But then it made me ponder the wide extent to which current events are causing people of all walks of life to question and reevaluate even the smallest details of everything around us. Do I think that the proposed changes would make a noticeable difference to society? Probably not. Ultimately do I care if this specific effort succeeds or fails? Nope, don't really care either way.
However, I do think the broader discussion about questioning how we use language, and where certain colloquialisms originated, is important. But I do see opinions at both extreme ends of this topic which are not trying to have good faith discussions, and instead are focused on the absolute worst case scenarios. Maybe the reactions to this story are even more significant than the story itself.
That's the problem though - by focusing undue politicized attention onto an ultimately irrelevant piece of terminology opinion, we've detracted from the real problem at hand (regardless if think the real issue at hand is systemic racism oppressing minorities or "SJW"s destroying our institutions).
When you attach the emotional baggage of known hotbed political issues to trivial things asking for people's opinion,we know from the works of psychologists like Jon Haidt and stuff, that these opinions quickly enter into the realm of the sacred. This forces us to first have a visceral emotion reaction, then find all sorts of reasons to back-up our initial response without any regard for counterpoints.
In other words, invitations to bikeshed like this one can't lead to any meaningful or sensible debate because there was never at any substance to debate - just emotional baggage from a much more politicized topic that keeps everyone arguing
BTW, you can recognize this as a cognitive trap to bikeshed while missing the point by considering the hypothetical scenario if a developer one day decided to up and just publish some patch notes to the effect of "master records now renamed to release records to be more semantic", would anyone bat an eye?
We can call these things whatever we want. It's a name for an abstract concept.
Why not change it to something that does not refer to one of the most barbaric, nightmarish relationships between people?
For me personally it makes we wince whenever someone uses "master/slave."
We don't need to be casually throwing around "master and slave" in a professional setting
Gee, maybe because it also has connotations that have nothing to do with racism or human slavery?
Where does this slippery slope end?
Should we change other terms in computer technology simply because some vastly small minority emotionally fragile busybodies break down at the mere sight of the word "abort" or "kill" or "terminate"?
Master/slave have very well defined meanings in computer terminology ~ and spoiler alert, there are no human or racial connotations in those meanings anywhere.
I disagree with your point that it has nothing to do with racism or human slavery. The name master/slave indicates one is giving direction and one is following direction. It's not like someone sat there thought the letters m.a.s.t.e.r sounded good and might at well be the name of bit of the system giving order.
My concern is not with industry veterans, but with people being introduced to tech or non-techincal people who are brought into technical discussions.
Honestly, would your rather explain a bug as "the secondary was not following the instructions from the primary" or "the slave was not following the instructions of the master" to a room full of people unfamiliar with the subject?
The master/slave naming scheme is, to me, an especially bad situation. Things like whitelist/blacklist do not have the same urgency in my mind.
I appreciate your concern for the slippery slope but think we can address this without falling all the way to the bottom.
I find this change somewhat futile as it will not make people less racist, but if it offends black people we could go with a diferent term, why not?
I always found master/slave a bit too idiomatic. I imagined a hardrive whipping the other form time to time. This picture is painful to some, lets update it and show we’re willing to do good.
Im worried though that the change will amount to these types of changes, removing statues, adding disclaimets in history books, old movies etc and then no real change (as in needed change) will emerge. Hope im wrong though
How do we know black people are offended by the terminology of midi clocks ?
No, you're engaging in inaccurate hyperbole.
The end game for these efforts will be to make "slave" a more precise and specific term, not to erase it entirely. Does the existence of the terms "pork" (pig meat) and "pig" (animal source of pork) strike you as Newspeak?
An Inherently racist game were White fights against Black, and where the White privilege is clearly documented as White gets to move first.
― Arthur Miller, The Crucible
> Reason 10.0.1 / Reason Essentials 10.0.1 Release Notes
> ReWire master/mixer and slave/device is now always referred to as "host" and "device"
So then the argument is that in this particular case it's just not a big deal and people shouldn't be upset about it. Well, if you're saying that, I'm going to go out on a limb and guess that your recent ancestors didn't have to deal with slavery!
What percentage of people in tech are Black? Some single digit percentage? What if tech were 95% Black? Would we really say master/slave? Of course not. That wording has a lot of baggage for some people! So even if 9 out of 10 people don't have a problem with the word and see this as a PC slippery slope, that doesn't mean the minority is wrong to request changes. It's not difficult to change the terminology, and it helps some people, so why fight it.
In the context that are being used, it describes the abstraction very well.
Is slavery absolutely wrong? Of course! That doesn't mean we will have to ban the words..
And emotional content, which may differ from person to person. Society is not made up of robots.
> In the context that are being used, it describes the abstraction very well.
It's also gauche, at best.
And I say that as an extremely sensitive person.
Let me put it another way: "wimp" is a word, and being a word, it has meaning. Does that mean I should choose to call you a wimp? Doing that would be rude, but free speech, amirite?
> You, and I, are responsible for our own emotions. Once we start going down that road it will be very easy to do away with free speech because “emotions”.
Do you refuse to account for others' emotions in your actions "because of" free speech? You speak like you feel like that's how you should behave.
Like most things, there aren't hard rules set in stone for all time. Using "master and slave" in a computing context is becoming rude, and sooner or later those who continue to use it unapologetically will be frowned upon and judged. If you want to be part of that club, I suppose that's your choice, but it's not a stand for free speech or anything like that.
You know what? I really don't care at all about if the term is going to change or not. If it changes it may be for the better.
But you reacted exactly the way I expected and it's exactly what I don't want to see.
Vilification will not get you far and you will not get you a lot of friends.
If you do want to make this change, try doing it without threatening.
In some contexts, yes. But other times, other words would explain it better. I think that existing stuff probably need not changed, but in cases where a different word is more clearly describing it, I should think that the different word will do, especially in documentation. There are other reasons why the words used for commands should remain traditional (and American; even though I am Canadian and write the documentation in Canadian, I will use the American terms for the names of commands, etc; just as though, if I am writing music I will use neither Canadian nor American, but Italian), though. (Words also have multiple meanings, anyways.)
> Is slavery absolutely wrong? Of course! That doesn't mean we will have to ban the words.
I agree (with both parts).
I think it's presumptuous to imply that black people necessarily have a problem with master/slave terminology outside of the "owning people" context. I feel compelled to out myself as a black person to say that its absurd. The issue of the day is that police need to stop killing us with impunity. Believe it or not, there is actually a very limited amount of attention available for issues surrounding systemic racial injustice and distractions like this just exhaust that very limited resource and leave us with jaded citizens who roll their eyes whenever issues of social justice are broached. Even the very idea of "social justice" is considered a pejorative because of the focus on stupid issues like this by a privileged group of people who are so comfortable that they have time to worry about things like arbitrary technology labels.
If this microaggression can be removed, why shouldn’t it?
They can do exactly what they're doing with regard to this issue, spread awareness, except with regard to issues that actually affect the lives and outcomes of black people, not imaginary problems that don't affect black people in the least.
> If this microaggression can be removed, why shouldn’t it?
The presence of certain words outside of a racial context isn't a microaggression. Microaggressions are subtly racist behaviors acted out by people that make other people feel uncomfortable, embarrassed, or unwelcome. It's about behavior. However, I am not arguing it shouldn't change, I'm saying that now is the worst time to bring up this issue, it's just sapping the attention from the issue of police violence and systemic racism.
If someone wants to replace "master" with "main" in code review, I think that's fine, perhaps even slightly better than what it was before, but this should stay within the confines of the organization rather than dilute the movement proper.
And that's fine, perhaps even laudable in the abstract, but right now it's not what we should be wasting time on.
> They can't really change police department practices
They could protest. They could donate time and money. They could use their platform to elevate issues that have a material impact on people's lives. They aren't obligated to do those things to be good people, and a few of them might be doing all of the above, but changing computer jargon doesn't even begin to register on the scales of social justice, it is so utterly meaningless in the face of what's going on all around us that it's almost insulting, save for the fact that the idea is overall well intentioned.
But sure, go ahead, make the term disappear. That will surely fix the underlying issue.
True, although in the case of this article it's talking more about music technology like MIDI, where rather than "original" or "reference" it usually means something closer to "leader" or "commander".
But this misses the point of the article. The suggestion isn't that we should drop the historic terms to improve the precision of tech communication. Rather, the worry is that habitualizing the terms "master" and "slave" in technology desensitizes us to concept. If we accept that one device is naturally the "master" of other devices, perhaps we are more willing to accept that one human can be the master of other humans. If we accept that the role of one device is to be merely a "slave", perhaps we won't recoil sufficiently at the notion that one human might be enslave another.
Certainly, one can disagree with this premise. Why should using the same language to describe one concept influence attitudes toward another? But rather than suggesting that author is pretending not to understand a standard industry term, you'd do much better to argue about the point the article is actually making.
They may have written this, but it is strikingly false. By most accounts, there are hundreds of thousands of people alive today living as slaves in Africa: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_contemporary_Africa
Not quite on point, but here's a great Atlantic article from a couple years ago about someone who realizes late in life that his family had a slave: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/06/lolas-s...
Sure, some terms are outright offensive, but this is not the case here.
There are some factual errors in the article too, but I’ll leave that. As a Slav I have no issue with the term “slave”, not least because it’s not the root of the word...
- Stop using the word "communism" because it may offend ex-USSR citizens
- Stop using the word "famine" because it may remind bad memories to some africans
- Stop using negative words to talk about the chinese government because it could offend chinese people
- Stop using the words "bible" and "jesus" because it might offend muslims
The world will sure become a better place without those negative feelings...
The US is the world's largest slave owner state. Their prison system is the modern equivalent of a slave economy under slave jurisdiction, and the treatment of illegal foreign labor not much different. How about legal reforms?
They were already there in Babylon over 4 thousands years ago.
Slavery does not imply racism, it hasn't been the case for a very long time throughout history, slaves were a social class, a synonym for what we call "working class" or they were people from conquered lands, that were enslaved as a display of suoremacy, not because of their ethnicity.
They usually were of the same ethnicity.
Rome had emperors who were born in Africa (Settimio Severo for example)
Have the slaves suffered abuses?
Yes, of course, just like working class, and farmers and other poor classes before them, have been exploited.
French Revolution is all about that.
They were all French against other French.
Only in modern history slavery has been justified by racism (the theory that some "races" were superior to others) but it's not modern slavery that created racism, it's the opposite.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrocities_in_the_Congo_Free...
Do you think slaves in Japan were treated equally?
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_Japan#:~:text=Jap....
There is nothing special in US slavery, except it happened in US and US has been culturally relevant for the west since the end of WW2
One thing is the historical reasoning about it, another is thinking that it happened only to one place in the world and only those people can talk about it.
Don't get me wrong, slavery is a terrible and unjustifiable crime, but it didn't start in US and it didn't end in 1861
In UK for example anti slavery movements are born during the civil war as well.
But chattel slavery was already abolished for a period in the 12th century, before the Norman occupation that reinstated it.
US abolished it after a civil war because every other country already did it without having to kill each other, but civil war was really about money and taxation.
It didn't start to abolish slavery.
Isn't it weird that people that don't know words etymology want to decide what they mean for the rest of us?
> 1550s, "tribute paid to men allied with criminals as protection against pillage, etc.," from black (adj.) + Middle English male "rent, tribute," from Old English mal "lawsuit, terms, bargaining, agreement," from Old Norse mal "speech, agreement;" related to Old English mæðel "meeting, council," mæl "speech," Gothic maþl "meeting place," from Proto-Germanic mathla-, from PIE mod- "to meet, assemble" (see meet (v.)).
In 1550 USA didn't even exist, not even in the form of colonies, that formed after 1600.
The first known settlement in what we call US today is by the Spanish in 1513 that reached Florida.
So no, blackmail doesn't mean what you think it means and doesn't come from where you think it does.
I was replying to
> So structural racism has ended?
The obvious answer would have been "does it end if we remove master/slave from tech terminology?"
But I wanted to give more context, because I believe people can and will understand things when they learn about them in a deeper way
Racism and slavery are two completely different problems, the first existed before races were even considered a thing (for like thousands of years, you might not understand the difference, but 7-8 thousands of years is a really loooong time, imagine that Egyptians to Romans were older than Romans are to us today!), the former hasn't died when slavery was abolished.
Is slavery in the US the worst episode of dehumanisation we can think of, when literally the Nazis no more than 80 years ago were slaughtering and torturing in concentration camps millions of innocent people just because they didn't like them?
They were kept behind walls and deprived of any humanity that was left. I don't think I need to make the list of the atrocities they suffered...
There are no stories of free slaves or good masters that led them have their own piece of land in some plantation in Virginia.
The few that came back have lived among us, they are our grandparents, parents, uncles ...
We've heard their stories, we didn't just read them on books.
My dad met his father (my grandfather) when he was 5, he was captured by Nazis and believed dead.
I never met him because he died young, from the consequences of the imprisonment.
So please don't assume we cannot understand.
Racism and slavery sometimes can fuel each other, but generally slavery is a tribal thing, racism is philosophy gone bad.
Even Gandhi has been criticized for being racist, he didn't enslave anybody, did he?
You can have racism without slavery and slavery without racism
That was the point
If you want to see meaningful change, disregard this terminology frippery and call/write/email/whatever your local rep to support the tri-partisan bill revoking qualified immunity. I promise, you will see vastly more improvement in society if this bill goes through, than if we spin our wheels wondering if "foobar" is going to be the next doublePlusUngood(tm) term d'art of the week.
https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/opinion/how-the-supreme-court...
My position about this issue is ambivalent.
From a purely human standpoint I understand it, truly.
When we use those terms referring to tools, I don't see much sense.
When men used bulls to pull the plough it really was a master-slave relationship
The bull could not be the master, even if it wanted too, a human is not strong enough to pull the plough effectively
It's a symbiotic relation between two elements where one is in charge of the "intellectual" part and the other of the physical one.
We can use controller and agent, but controlling is problematic too
We can use manager and worker, but it still implies that there's a disparity between the two
Frontend/backend doesn't fully capture what's going on
We use master/slave because one side is taking all the decisions, the other is just obeying
It's bad, I recognize it, and maybe it's time to change, but no amount of re-wording will change the fact that it's mainly used nowadays for tools that work that way, not for people.
Maybe leader/follower looks like a better choice, but really isn't, follower sounds more dumb to me, at least slaves rebelled throughout history, followers don't. And a leader can be as bad as a master who owns slaves.
Main/secondary is somewhat the best of them all, but it only works for systems were any secondary node can be promoted to replace the main in case of failures, which is not always the case.
Bull/man is not main/secondary for example.
Or master/blaster as in Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome
I never used Github as my primary host for projects, merely as a social network to show off my projects. But I'll be moving away from them now because I simply don't want to see crazy lefties redefining my language to suit their whims. And there's no discussion at all, it's all unilateral or you're a Nazi.
OK then.