Ad personalization can be handled by the ad network. The network contract they are interested in buying a car, and Fiat can request their ads be shown to people interested in buying a car. Fiat only learns that you are in the "people interested in buying a car" category if they win the bidding to show you an ad. Not great, since showing an ad, especially well out of the viewport, is pretty cheap.
We can take this one step further with the proposed TURTLEDOV browser API (https://github.com/michaelkleber/turtledove), at which point the ad network doesn't learn your interests and Fiat only learns you were interested in buying a car if you click on an ad.
Or with the proposed FLoC browser API (https://github.com/jkarlin/floc) where your browser uses on-device clustering to present an interest category instead of the ad network learning interests server-side.
(Disclosure: I work on ads at Google, and am friends with the folks behind these proposals)