Azul Systems (who today are mainly a JVM vendor) started by building large multicore boxes (Vega) to do Java workloads - there is an interesting tech talk about it:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5uljtqyBLxI (2009)
They built a "really good JIT target" rather than direct bytecode for reasons explained in the video. Curious to hear from anyone who ever used one...