Volume 2 here teaches Python optimization https://foundations-of-applied-mathematics.github.io/ or you could go through a copy of the Pragmatic Programmer with them https://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs3110/2020sp/reflections...

All the "engineer"-ry things like constructing testing oracles or understanding code complexity this can all be found in Programming and Programming Languages https://papl.cs.brown.edu/2020/ that uses Pyret which has similar enough syntax to Python none of your bad engineers will be lost. There are lectures for it too: https://learnaifromscratch.github.io/software.html#org4eef4d... you could teach this class to them the lectures really teach you concepts like trees and graphs and how to reason about them.