It's like we are all in some sort of Reinforcement Learning algorithm and unifying the language portion would significantly restrict the exploration phase, the one that moves world forward. There are many concepts unique to each language, different emphasis on different things, different emotional response to different sentences, leading to unique ways of exploring the universe, and that all would be lost.
There is a Sapir-Whorfian assumption here that it is the language that enslaves the mind, rather than the collective minds that are constantly shaping, morphing and bending the language. To me, the prospect of cultures having to communicate with each other via such a broken mechanism as translation is far more repugnant than a linguistically unified superculture within which ideas flow unimpeded.
The more language users there are, the more capable of expression the language will become; so no, I am not particularly worried about getting stuck in a local maximum.
The world is ultra connected now. It's fine for people to be bilingual and continue to communicate and respect their local history and culture. There's also a premium on being able to communicate wherever you go and with anyone you might meet. That's where English is already filling a dominant niche.
The concern that some countries have with children learning English (when it's not their native language), is that their children might also grow up being heavily influenced by American/British culture (as they'll grow up watching English TV shows, reading English books, etc). That's a legitimate concern, where it's difficult to decouple the language from the associated culture. That said, I think there's a value in being able to communicate with everyone else and those countries could do other things to either limit screen time or increase the amount of historical and cultural content they give to their kids (this seems mostly like a problem for people who just want to sit their kids in front of a laptop and hope for the best - active parenting and teaching of local culture seems effective).
You say this as if there were consensus around that, but that's not true. The very strong, original formulation of Sapir-Whorf probably doesn't hold much water, but you'll still find enough linguists claiming that language influences thought nontrivially. But of course, you'll also find linguists arguing the opposite.
You don't need Sapir-Whorf to see the point. Even if language is purely a tool, only relying on one language narrows cultural expression. Korean for example contains honorifics baked into the grammar of the language to express social status, this is not trivially doable in English, at least in any version that could be considered unified with what is called English today.
I am not sure I understand what you mean.
Sure, there are languages whose grammars require speakers to choose a more polite or a less polite form of a word; but I doubt this presents an insurmountable obstacle to the other culture for expressing the attitude of politeness, or the concept of hierarchy. Being speaker of a language that has two forms for the word "you" — a polite, plural one, and a familiar, singular one (I suspect that this grammatical behavior was imported from French in around 18th century; the distinction is similar to what Middle English had with you vs thou), I am sure that our concept of politeness is not markedly different from cultures whose languages do not have this distinction in second-person pronoun. The distinction cannot be trivially translated into modern English, true, but I don't think it matters a whole lot.
Besides, if a culture really starts to feel a need for expressing a certain concept, they will find a way for doing that with the language they have.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorifics_(linguistics)
Korean has seven different levels of speech depending on the level of casualness one engages in and the Japanese language has features to raise or lower the status of the addresse as well encoding different feelings in the language.
There is no analog for this in English, and also not really in Western culture. There's a very distinct notion of politeness in several Asian cultures that has no corolarry in Western societies because we don't tie it formally into social status.
There's also a lot of other issues. A lot of major religious traditions rely on revealed scripture whose meaning is only precisely accessible through a particular language. In Islamic theology this would be Arabic and for Jews it is Hebrew of course. It would be an extreme cultural loss for billions of people to lose this access to their traditions.
I don't see it as a problem in the slightest, and not just because I personally think religious traditions are better left behind. No-one these days speaks classical Latin or ancient Greek; and yet we have some knowledge about the ancient tradition through commentaries and translations (regardless of how imprecise those translations are). We do not experience this as a tragedy or as an extreme cultural loss, despite us not being able to read those texts. Nor is anyone bemoaning the inaccessibility of Beowulf and the inadequacy of existing translations. And if someone is especially interested in the topic — well, there are always scholars who are free to learn those languages and to study the originals.
I do believe that we miss out on a lot of nuances by not being able to read Latin or Greek. But I also accept that, pragmatically, we can't all be learning these languages anymore, so yeah, I'm not one of those grumpy Latin teachers. That doesn't mean it's not still a loss.
Imagine a world of 7billion English speakers: there would obviously be a huge range of accents and standards. In fact, compared to other languages, English is much less standardized and I'd argue that the premise that there's a single "English" for NLP to focus on.
So, I'd rather NLP scientists find fulfilling work in exploring existing languages diversity.
While standardization certainly lends convenience and efficiency, diversity leads to more robustness and effective exploration — instead of everything being caught up in the same bubble. The web as a platform might become unmanageably “hot” (in a McLuhan-esque sense) if that were to happen; we’d just have to find other arbitrary ways of differentiating ourselves to form more convivial communities.
I don’t mind if English becomes the common interchange format (lingua franca, ha) but I hope people continue to be multilingual and conserving and growing the cultures of other tongues.
The opinion expressed in your comment, that we should adjust ourselves to our technology, rather than improving our technology to suit our needs, is not entirely new. For example, Andrew Ng has said that rather than trying to make self-driving cars capable of dealing with an unexpected situation such as a pedestrian on a pogo stick, we should make sure that people don't engage in such unexpected behaviour that self-driving cars can't handle [1]. Obviously, this is a recipe not just for suppressing much of the diversity of human behaviour with unpredictable results for our own cognitive capacity, it's also backwards and antithetical to the motive of improving technology to make it capable of new applications.
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[1] Rodney Brooks, Bothersome Bystanders and Self Driving Cars:
https://rodneybrooks.com/bothersome-bystanders-and-self-driv...
All the best to them :-) I think having models in nations that actually use a language as their native tongue is far better than choosing a language for which there is no living model (such as Latin or Esperanto).
But then, why don't you also add Britain, Australia, Canada or South Africa to your list?
edit: I personally think Esperanto would be a good choice as an International Language. I believe it's much easier to learn than English.
Moreover, it is well known to sociolinguists that political and economic power is something that makes a language spoken by that nation more prestigious and more desirable to attain, and, therefore, contributes to the spread of that language. So, for the purposes of my dream, I can only wish that the US remains as influential as it is (and doesn't switch to Spanish in the process) :-)
I guess my point is that I am not sure that, say, having other countries where English is the primary language (as listed in the previous comment) contributes to the power of the US. Likewise, I am not sure that the further spread of English as an international language will by itself contribute significantly to the power of the US.
> I personally think Esperanto would be a good choice as an International Language
Ugh, not a fan. English is a vibrant, living language that already is being used by huge swathes of people for various purposes; Esperanto is not.
English is already something of a standard for international communication I think, at least in some domains. It looks like a successor to Latin in many regards.
Nonetheless I don't think English can function as an universal language because it is specialized in some regards. It is better for thinking about and capturing some things and ideas, but not for everything. Other languages, it seems to me, are optimized better for certain use cases.
Everything of course cross-pollinates and, thanks to that, flexibility of different languages increases. But some fundamental rules must remain in place to maintain coherence of a language. If you change the basic grammar rules, you get a different one. In this way achieving universality within a single lanugage is either impossible or very difficult. Hard to tell if lanugages are evolving towards convergence into a single universal superlanguage or if the optimum is specialization.
Programming languages seem to follow similar patterns.
Curious as to what you had in mind (assuming it was broader than Eskimos and snow!)?
Care to back up this claim with examples? To me, it sounds like you're advocating for linguistic relativism [1], which doesn't really hold up to our modern understanding of language and thought.
In general, it's not fair to say that linguistic relativism doesn't hold up to modern understanding. The debate is still on-going.
[1] https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1525...
As I said in another comment, I think there is a feedback loop between language and mind, so IMO strong relativism or determinism creates a false dichotomy. As Tainnor mentioned, the article you linked provides some examples that suggest the weak form of relativism or however you want to call it exists. At the same time it agrees that determinism is false.
To my amateur eye this just shows that a feedback loop exists. Anecdata to back it up would include writers, scholars, philosophers, many of them polyglots, like Conrad, Watts, Nabokov, Huxley, and many others who seem to express a similar sentiment. In a polyglot context this hypothesis seems to arise often, see for example this interview:
http://writeparagraphs.blogspot.com/2014/02/a-stroll-with-al...
> I can draw polar opposite philosophical lessons from my experience. On the one hand, languages are only fascinating (or frustrating, depending on your point of view) as long as they are foreign – once they become familiar, that is, once they are simply used as a vehicle for communication, then they all do the same thing. So, in this sense, no matter how different they might seem, they are all the same. Obviously, this is true of us as human beings as well.
> On the other hand, each language has certain unique characteristics, words, and concepts that do not exist in other languages. Furthermore, there is an enormous variety of ways to express ideas and thoughts. Many of these ways of expressing what is in the brain seem absolutely essential to those who use them, but in point of fact they are not, as other languages do without them entirely.
> Finally, as far as culture is concerned, all languages are created equal and all languages do carry the culture of their speakers if by culture we mean simply the ways and traditions of a group of people.
or this article:
https://www.theguardian.com/education/2013/sep/05/multilingu...
> Each language resonates with me in a distinct way, bringing out a different part of my character. Russian makes me more melancholic because of its minor tone. In French, I am super pensive. Brazilian Portuguese is a very flirtatious and sweet language.
> But there is more to it than that though – each language has its own way of expressing thoughts and ideas, so you get a real insight into diverse thinking. Language carries the culture of the country that uses it and when you internalise it, it becomes a part of you too.
etc.
My personal experience with Polish and English also aligns with this. Switching between these languages influences how I build thoughts. Sometimes I seem to make mistakes in Polish because my mind is more used to thinking about a certain area in English and the other way around as well.
For expressing some thoughts I find Polish more suitable with its ubiquitous prefixes and suffixes and flexible word order. For other thoughts English seems better with its ubiquitous homonyms and simplicity. Sometimes it's easier to make leaps of understanding and connection between different concepts in one, sometimes in the other.
These are the two languages that I think and speak daily with something close to 50/50 ratio, perhaps more English, even though it is my second language.
Other languages that I've been exposed to also seem to show me different ways of thinking. For example German feels more rigid then either English or Polish but also more lego-like. Chinese or Japanese seem to be quite different still, with their peculiar subtlety. Arabic, written, with its single case letters (I was pretty surprised when I learned that), simpler in some areas than other languages, more subtle in others. Even the fact that different languages use different writing directions is itself kind of mind-bending when you first learn and think about it.