I can't say for sure, but I have a feeling that the hippocratic oath is not what's stopping an unethical doctor from behaving unethically. Instead, it's the risk of lawsuits and loss of their license to practice medicine that keeps them in line.
I just don't think software could match the very real consequences to unethical behaviour that doctors face. We don't have a concept of a "licensed software engineer", and even if we did, there's nothing stopping an unethical engineer from working on their own. Doctors can be blackballed from hospitals, clinical trials, etc. Are we going to blackball software engineers from touching computers?
The above being said, I do believe that software engineers should try to be ethical. However, I do not think there's any mechanism that could be implemented that could force this behaviour, and any attempt to do so is simply a way for its promoters to say "look how good I am", and less so an honest attempt at making the world a better place.