For example, it's missing warmup. The results aren't being consumed in a way that wouldn't optimize them away. The framework itself imposes a pretty large amount of overhead (moreso than I'd expect from leftpad).
It is somewhat likely that what they are measuring isn't leftpad performance, but rather how fast the JIT ends up optimizing the benchmark code.
I'd suggest watching this video https://vimeo.com/78900556
It's about microprofiling the JVM, but the principles are the same for other JIT based languages (such as javascript).