Hmm, you're right...
> We can conclude the claim is true by definition.
...which means we don't even need any empirical evidence to say that banks are different and unique from non-bank entities!
> I never asked for empirical evidence for non-banks' inability to create money out of thin air. Werner claimed to have empirical evidence for this.
No, he doesn't. He claims that he has empirical evidence for banks creating money out of thin air, nothing more.
> If Werner had instead said "due to accounting conventions, we declare banks' IOUs to be money and non banks' IOUs to not be money", I wouldn't have any problem with that.
Doesn't that go without saying, considering that non-bank IOUs, such as poker website deposits, aren't considered part of the money supply under pretty much any definition?