These checks and balances declared the metadata programs unconstitutional.
https://www.cnet.com/news/appeals-court-finds-nsas-bulk-phon...
Is the system perfect? Not even close, but it does strive to minimize abuse. Plenty of countries here in the EU have national security programs that operate in a similar fashion. The goal shouldn’t be no data collection, it should strive to minimize abuse and keep collection limited to that national security concerns. None of that is true of the programs in China.