AFAIK, it's unclear. Spark gap radio (and some interesting observations about lightning strikes) indicate that you can "do stuff" to the Earth's electrostatic sphere, but whether or not that means you can resonate it? And then use that resonance as a way to transmit power? Not clear. (and ofc even if all that works, what're the side-effects?)
AFAIR, most of the "of course it wouldn't work" critiques posit something like a radio broadcast model; instead of the OP's microwave beam, just a microwave broadcaster, essentially, which ofc runs into inverse square law issues. But that's critiquing an entirely different theory of operation, so...
I suspect it's either unworkable in practice (the "resonance chamber" is too complex/dirty to properly resonate) or unfeasible (resonance chamber too damn large), although I wonder if the work done on wave-displays (where you use wave interference patterns to display text) would allow you to deal with those issues. I also wonder if the same ideas writ tiny could be used in MEMs, but that's ridiculously idle and uneducated of an opinion - I know next to nothing about MEMs.
I'd start by looking at spark-gap radio, and progress into Tesla's work from there.