When comparing Sweden and Belgium, for instance, there are some key differences despite similar population numbers: population density, number of pensioners, population concentration (Sweden mainly has Malmö, Göteborg and Stockholm as population centers), how healthcare is funded, how wide streets are, social norms, lifestyle (indoor vs outdoor), etc. When it comes to how they reported cases and deaths, there are also great differences in methodology.
I do share your sentiment about the political caste having overreacted, though. This is the third crisis I'll be paying for, to support a generation that makes myopic decisions when in power.