I love this, I was amongst early engineers on CUDA (compilers).

NVIDIA was so well run, but boxed into a smaller graphics card market - ATI and it were forced into low margins since they were made replaceable by OpenGL and DirectX standards. For the standard fans - they resulted a wealth transfer from NVIDIA to Apple etc. and reduced capital available for R&D.

NVIDIA was constantly attacked by a much bigger Intel (which changed interfaces to kill products and was made to pay by a court)

Through innovation, developing new technologies (CUDA) they increased market cap, and have used that to buy Arm/Mellanox.

I love the story of the underdog run by a founder, innovating it’s way to getting into new markets against harsh competition. Win for capitalism!