* A long history of slavery followed by systemic disenfranchisement, creating an underclass of poorly-educated people with few job skills and difficulty obtaining any employment.
* A slightly-shorter-but-still-long history of using labor from people not legally allowed to be in the country, to whom protections (including the minimum wage) apply only sporadically or not at all.
* Collapse of labor unions (happening now in Australia, I gather, but ongoing for four or five decades in the US)
* Active, well-funded hostility to minimum wage laws, driven in part by a strong temporarily-embarrassed-millionaire ethos[1] in which people believe they will one day be rich and don't want their wealth siphoned off by the undeserving poor (even if they are, currently, poor themselves).
* Even more racism, in which the minimum wage is seen as a giveaways to brown-skinned people who would not otherwise be able to earn it.
[1] https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/328134-socialism-never-took...