Dust is taken care by an ice shield in front of the craft.
Radiation is taken care by a water jacket. Radiation is only a real problem in the vicinity of the star. The atmosphere we have on Earth is only necessary to block radiation that comes from Sun either directly or through solar winds. The radiation from sources outside solar system might be high energy particles an photons but has very low flux.
The funny thing is, everybody focuses on technical issues where the biggest issue is most likely non technical and it is mostly about human health, physical response to lack of gravity and psychological to isolation.