I love the analogy, but no! First, XSLT is unidirectional and although I have built some tree-like XSLT processing systems, Cambria is explicitly graph-based and bidirectional.

In other words, with Cambria you can build a graph of lenses that describe various data schemas and then translate from or to any of them.

That said, XSLT has different strengths (syntax-aside) in that it is a general purpose templating language with strong functional programming underpinnings.