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In the parent article, the author talks about obtaining replacement bulbs - Since this is an arc lamp, there's no filament to burn out.

Does anyone know the failure modes of an arc lamp? Do the electrodes wear out / erode? Is repair even possible for something like this or is it essentially remanufacturing the entire thing because of the capsule enclosing everything?

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Unfortunately not repairable. Failure modes: cathode melts, gap gets larger, unstable arc; anode melts or cracks, possible catastrophic failure; seals (uranium glass) to tungsten leak, xenon bleeds out; envelope fractures, catastrophic failure! In some cases electrodes vaporize and plate the inside of the envelope. Details at https://www.sqpuv.com/PDFs/TroubleshootingGuide.pdf

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