complex c = 4;
The issue with C++ is that implicit is the default, not that it exists.
If your data type implements the Num typeclass, you can use literals like 4. (A typeclass in Haskell is similar to what they call an interface in Java.)
There's no automatic conversion happening at all. It's done via overloading literals at compile time. (You can do the same for strings.)
What it doesn't solve that by default the compiler tries to find an appropriate implicit conversion. Sometimes it's convenient, sometimes it's harder to see what the code actually does.
Yes, the implicit conversion for all values is part of the problem. The Haskell approach only gives you magic for literals.