Chess has great historical significance in the West, but Go is a better choice for universal education in abstract strategy. Most important reason: the handicapping system is rational. Chess handicapping has a way of leading to hurt feelings in young children: "see? I beat you without my knights! you suck!"
Also, the rules are simpler, the play is more complex, and (most subjectively) it teaches better lessons outside the context of the game. I would rather people's native mode of competition be "oops looks like this mostly belongs to me now" rather than "I am going to relentlessly pursue you until you're completely murdered"