You're precisely right. Calling a photo with an instragram filter applied to it "not real" simply means you're constructing a continuum of "realness," which introduces the obligation to draw the line somewhere on the continuum between the "real" photos and the "not real" ones.
Cameras don't work exactly like your eyes, much less your entire visual system. Gamma curves are different, and dynamic range is way different. Not to mention the obvious fact that a photograph is a frozen instant from a single vantage point, so for example a facial expression may look way sillier that it did in person. Then there's the subtler filters and modification like levels and white balance adjustments, cropping, etc.
Where does this author draw the line?