In the real world of 2020+, almost everyone has a portable Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy in their pocket. Let people use calculators. Heck, let people use Wikipedia! If they copy an incorrect fact from Wikipedia, well, that's their problem and penalize them for that.
Education needs to be considered in the context of the world we live in. If you want to test students, then develop ways of TESTING students - move to live oral exams. Written long-form essays. Develop education techniques that USE the tools we're blessed to have around us instead of fearing them.
I don't have all the answers as I haven't thought about this deeply enough. But I've got to imagine there are ways of testing learning & knowledge that aren't based on fact memorization & regurgitation or performing calculations in your head that can easily be done on a calculator.