It used to be extremely common to allow users to select features at install time, mostly in order to save disk space. It’s not particularly common any more, and I don’t think any app stores support the concept.

Deactivating features based on battery life? That’s absolutely still a thing on native apps. If you throw Windows into battery saver mode, for example, the acrylic material becomes opaque; if you put Android into power saver mode, native controls will shut off their gratuitous animations, things like that. Nothing major, but a bunch of small things.