> Why is it that despite listening on TCP 9100, some printers will just print the source code when you send them a PDF or Postscript file with netcat?
Not all printers interpret those languages on that port. For example, Zebra printers interpret ZPL there, and I think most Postscript would look like plain text to a ZPL interpreter.
> Are there any networked printers around nowadays that don't support Postscript?
I'd be somewhat surprised if most label printers and receipt printers accept Postscript. I wouldn't be surprised if there are more niche types of networked printers where it might not make sense to support Postscript.