The three that come to mind immediately are
- Unified (occasionally, "unifried")
- Junior Lab (8.13/8.14), a physics course in which, among other things, you essentially replicate the most famous physics experiments (Millikan's oil drop experiment, for example). This course is such a bitch that the Physics department offers a version of the major that is mostly the same save that you don't have to take Junior Lab (8B, aka weaksauce, aka I double majored in physics and something else). This is a good candidate for hardest undergrad class at the Institute.
- Integrated Chemical Engineering, aka "Ice". While it's spoken about in hushed terms by those few who take it, my suspicion is that it's not actually as difficult as junior lab.
To give you some context regarding how much work something has to be to qualify, there are classes in EE/CS that take up, by student reports in the "underground guide" course evals, >40 hours a week of lab time, and those are generally not known by their name. In other words, full time job type time consumption (from one of your probably four or five classes) doesn't qualify for call-by-name status. Yowza.