I feel like having a written language precludes this. Hypothetically if all the books are lost, and any audio recordings are broken, this might happen. Although unless you already landed at your destination, I can't imagine you'd still have the technology left to navigate the ship.
Historically oral language has of course come first, and then you just need to find a writing system from somewhere. Which explains why almost every Asian country used Chinese writing at some point in its history despite most of the languages being completely unrelated.