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I picked up the 8 port version from Microtik and picked up a Mellanox ConnectX-2 of eBay which came with a pair of 10G SFP+ fiber modules. A 10 meter single mode LC fiber off Amazon was like $20.

As for the NAS, I snagged a Supermicro mini-ITX 8-core Xeon D (Broadwell era) board from eBay as well for like $400. It brings out the dual integrated 10G NICs on the Xeon D, a PCIe 3.0 x16 port, a 4 lane M.2 port, and 6x SATA ports, 4 slots for DDR4 ECC RDIMMs, and an ASPEED based IPMI. Adding 64 GiB of RDIMMs, 6x 10 TB WD drives, and 2x M.2 drives on a bifurcating riser made for a killer NAS and VM host (crammed inside a Fractal Node 304)

Can I run this on vanilla Cat5e or do I have to put in Cat6?

Cat5e usually works fine. For longer distances you will need the correct (cat6 or better) though.

The cheap used 10Gb NICs and the switch mentioned use SFP+ ports rather than RJ45. 10GBASE-T SFP+ modules are expensive and power-hungry compared to direct-attach twinax cables or fiber + transceivers.

I had a flat CAT 6 cable and could only get 5GbE - upgraded to a normal cat 7 cable and got the 10GbE.

That's what I just did! Been loving it!