Just off the top of my head:
- Pattern matching
- Multi-line lambdas
- Proper variable capture in lambdas and inner functions (as was fixed with the 'let' keyword vs 'var' in recent versions of JavaScript)
- Support for cyclic imports (a bad pattern in general but necessary in some cases)
- A well-defined C API for extensions that doesn't get them too entangled in the internals of CPython. This would make it possible for other implementations to reach the level of library support that CPython enjoys.