No. You can get movies and bands from the graph. But any likes related to articles (web pages, etc.) they do not share.
Is that the only useful information I can pull in regards to what activities the user is interested in?
With the Graph API, the user_likes permission allows your app to get a list of all of the [Facebook fan] pages the user has liked. I don't think that even you as a user can see what articles etc. you have liked - at least I haven't been able to find that information.
Good god do we ever wish there were...
Imagine the data mining and semantic analysis you could do with this. Behavioral psychology all through Facebook.