You're still getting paid a salary and can save that to diversify. Selling equity along the way isn't possible for everyone, but for example my employer IPO'd after 3 years and I've been liquidating at a schedule since then. I also got options ~300 employees, which is late in the startup game but early enough considering the company's success. That's a bit safer than super early stage.

Yes, some blind luck is needed to win at this game. However, the job market has been such that a solid programmer can get something lined up pretty quickly if their current job fails. I don't think the risk is as bad as people portray. Again, picture buying long term call options for a single stock with a proportion of income each year. Somewhat risky, but risk is capped and the payoff could be quite big. More diversification is almost definitely more efficient but carries less tail upside.

By "unfairness" I don't mean risk, I just mean unfairness.