So in a sense, every investment you do is with the hope that someone else is buying it for a higher price in the future.
> influencers usually make their money by selling private courses
> are paid by brokers each time one of their followers opens an account
It doesn't matter what the product is when operating a pyramid scheme, so long as the rubes buy the idea that it could make money. The scam has nothing to do with Forex trading.
Pure price speculation on stocks, without at least some cursory net present value calculation on the expected lifetime dividend income and a rough estimation of the liquidation value of the company's assets kind of is a Pyramid Scheme in that the only value of the asset is a hypothetical Greater Fool