Yes, I know individuals that have needed to dual file and pay. As I understand, they get credited for some amount of taxes paid to the local jurisdiction, so if they live somewhere with a higher tax load and collect a modest salary, they aren't actually paying Uncle Sam. This may explain your observation.

If they live someplace with lower taxes or earn a high enough salary they end up paying both jurisdictions. For the individuals I knew, the company accounted for this by paying them some relocation bonus for a few years to offset the additional expected tax load.