But the Fed pays earnings back to the Treasury. And while the Fed is independent, it's certainly deeply intertwined with the US government. The Fed holding US government debt seems intuitively counterproductive to me.
The Fed is…complicated.
The Federal Reserve Board of Governors is an agency of the executive branch (an “independent” agency, but not independent of the government, independent within the government, like the FCC, FTC, and a number of other boards, commissions, etc.)
The Federal Reserve System consists of a network of Federal Reserve Banks, each of which has a nine member board of directors, six of which are elected by member commercial banks, and three of which are selected by the Board of Governors.
But the actual setting of monetary policy is done by the Federal Reserve Open Market Committee, which has 12 members — the seven members of the Board of Governors, the President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four of the other Federal Reserve Bank Presidents.
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Ben Bernanke (ex-FED Chairman) - The dollar’s international role: An “exorbitant privilege”?
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/ben-bernanke/2016/01/07/the-d...
> A great deal of U.S. currency is held abroad, which amounts to an interest-free loan to the United States. However, the interest savings are probably on the order of $20 billion a year, a small fraction of a percent of U.S. GDP, and that “seigniorage,” as it is called, would probably still exist even if the dollar lost ground to other currencies...
> The safe haven aspect of the dollar is actually a negative for U.S. firms, since it implies that they become less competitive (the dollar is stronger) at precisely the times that global economic conditions are most difficult.
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The ‘reserve currency’ myth: The US dollar’s current and future role in the world economy
https://www.ussc.edu.au/analysis/the-reserve-currency-myth-t...
> This safe-haven bid for US dollar assets means that the US dollar often behaves in ways that seem counter-intuitive relative to US economic fundamentals. As Figure 2 shows, the US dollar appreciates in response to economic policy uncertainty. A 1 per cent increase in the Global Economic Policy Uncertainty Index raises the real value of the US dollar by 0.2 per cent, controlling for relative interest rate, inflation and economic growth differentials with the rest of the world.
> The appreciation exacerbates trade tensions between the United States and the rest of the world by weighing on US export competitiveness, setting in train a protectionist spiral.
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The IMF already has a global reserve asset called the Special Drawing Rights:
https://www.imf.org/en/About/Factsheets/Sheets/2016/08/01/14...