This is why I can't figure out how for the life of me to learn C++ effectively for professional use.
In reality it's not really like that. Yes different shops are going to be using different C++ features in different ways but they usually share some common "core" of the language.
One approach is to get a sample of code from the domain you want to inhabit, preferably including some from the very people you want to work with, and learn the subset of the language they use.
Also Stroustrup thinks that is the way to use cpp, his talks are all about 'do not use all of cpp, pick your features'. Makes senses in a way but it does lead to various notion of what cpp is.