It does not work like that on the seas. Maritime legal conventions are are ratified by 99% countries on the globe. A shipowner is alwayd insured against these things, and the i surance company is also insured (reinsurance). So nobody will end up in a lifetime of serfdom because of this.

Shit hits the fan on the high seas all the time. We nornally don't hear about it in regular media.

Given that any human being crewing this ship or working in the Suez very likely lacks 59 billion dollars, the answer to this question is very probably "It doesn't matter."

Google “Costa Concordia” for a simulation of that scenario.

Technically the pilot is in control of the ship and bears all liability at that time (or rather, the canal authority).

But it's an open secret the canal pilots are just slacking off, so a court may as well rule with the de facto situation and hold the captain and the operator responsible.