How many dead xboxes and PlayStations have chips in them that are still good?
I'm thinking of a reverse pick and place machine that pulls chips of boards (boards that can not be used to fix other dead devices) and is able to test each valuable component for later reuse.
This is already been happening for decades on industrial scale in countries doing eWaste recycling. Just a decade ago, you could've still find people selling refurbished chips in Shenzhen on every corner. Now it kinds of became a much more low profile enterprise.
The US defence department, colloquially known as the pentagon, ran a wargame scenario a few years ago to see what will happen if US will be hit with a worst case scenario, years long semiconductor unavailability due to sabotage of domestic fabs, massive industry wide cyberattack, or something happening to Taiwan.
One of comissioned think tanks recommended that exact methods of military going door-to-door to gather old gaming console, smartphones, and PCs for conversion to use in munitions, and military equipment.
On the whole, that 1000x increase in performance mostly bought the ability to have most of the code that runs be interpreted or JITed rather than statically compiled, to play videos, to do some heavy numerics and graphics (including things like family photos and videos), and so on.
It's hard to think of anything I really /need/ in a life-or-death sense or an economic-survival sense that couldn't be done on older hardware with appropriate software. There's a ton of things I want, that help, or where migrations would be massive projects.
If computers were to entirely disappear, and I couldn't automate things, communicate digitally (emails, messaging), word process, write code, I think that'd be a major systemic-collapse-level implosion of society. A lot of people would simply die.
On the other hand, if computers were to regress to 33MHz-level performance, Youtube isn't sticking around, but we'd likely adapt as a society with some structural change, but without such a collapse.
As an end user it would be manageable but dont forget that the whole world runs on servers and many Industries would collapse if computing power is gone
If we lost a few decades of processor improvements, it would be about as parent noted.
If we lost worldwide connectivity or all undersea backbones between some terrestrial networks... it would be civilization-altering.
On the server side, you'll be running C code rather than a nice high-level language, but it will get the job done. You might not have all the ML which lets me get the most relevant product recommended, but....
Emails definitely won't be HTML, but they'll come through.
The world would work.
We could do it if we had to, of course.
Military could probably pressure Microsoft to give them some way to turn an original xbox into a PC; and if you give people $50 for an original xbox most will be happy.
Creating something that can read several sensors (switches and buttons are also sensors), and putting aggregate status updates on a serial line, or displaying status lights, triggering relay or something similar can be done, on decades old gaming consoles, and is probably one of the most common use of processors in the world today.
In fact it is easier than trying to use modern cpu, that wasn't designed for that.
Not everything is about computation, in fact in terms of units sold its probably a minority.
We defend Taiwan with everything we’ve got. There is no plan B, and it’s not just about semiconductors.
https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/19/16333376/us-navy-military...
Of course this is a far cry from ripping a SoC from a smartphone and putting it into e.g a bomber drone, but I assume there's much more being done - just not published.
I have a vision that on a submarine there is a cable box, not unlike the one that most of us probably have, filled with random cables with connectors we haven't used in years. And somewhere in that tangled mess is a spare XBox controller. I can imagine some poor Seaman trying to untangle a the controller cord so that they can use a periscope. I'm sure the Navy is far more organized, but it's funny to think about.
But you can't just 'build a fab' can you? Thats the point. You need a shipment of ASML's magic EUV machines and a bunch of their engineers and a bunch more technicians and managers with the right kind of skills for running a large cutting edge fab.
In a WWII scenario, how long does it take to rapidly retrain a bunch of people with these skills. We have no shortage bunch of brilliant, quantitatively minded people trading derivatives and writing ML models to recommend TV shows. In a total war scenario, I assume most would be drafted for the war effort. Semiconductor engineering is complex, but probably not so complex that your average Math Olympiad couldn't pick it up in a month or two.
We have a chip shortage going on for months now, if all it took was two months and a bunch of smart people, those billions of dollars in chip orders would've made it happen. That tells me it has to be a bit more complex than you think.
This is a very different calculus than a WW2 type scenario. Fully mobilized, the government would almost certainly pay up for microchip capacity today, regardless of the long-term payback residual.
If there was evidence of deep-pocketed firms trying and failing to get into semiconductor fab in 2020, I'd change my opinion. Like if Google or Amazon were trying to open their own fab plants, but were failing, then I might suspect that a WW2 fully mobilized war effort would run into difficulties. But as far as I can tell, the issue is that nobody wants to jump into the fab business, regardless of the temporarily higher profits over the next 2-4 quarters.
We had many brilliant minds working on these problems for decades, but it took time, skill, effort, and money over these decades to achieve each milestone of development. Now each of these firms (and each of their suppliers) has trade secrets that go deep, and barring some unlikely breakthrough of brilliance, these secrets can't be independently discovered by the brightest minds in any less than the time it already took to discover and develop them in the first place.
There's also the problem of supply chains -- modern fab tech requires a ton of downstream tech: the fab machines, the parts in them, and the places those parts were developed and manufactured... and the machines that were required there as well (repeat...). Also the raw materials, especially rare earth minerals.
To sustain AI and other applications that require cutting-edge tech, the best strategy would be to either stockpile chips (not really feasible since the tech is deprecating) or to build spare capacity, along with the necessary supply chain.
OP: >years long semiconductor unavailability due to sabotage of domestic fabs
OP said "sabotage of domestic fabs". what the govrt. lay out is what happened when all else failed thus going door to door to collect semis.
There is also the danger of counterfeit chips. It is already a plague for those of us hoping to get some good deals from Chinese vendors, but the US Navy as well was hit at least once with fakes.
https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/criminal-ccips/l... (.pdf document)
Do they actually have machines for this? I understand that the re-work house we use do it by hand and also spend a chunk of time inspecting the chip once removed since it's very easily damaged. Maybe there are more automated places doing this on a mass scale, we don't do it very often which might explain the general poor results.
This video is pretty cool showing the process https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIPO4Q9k1Zo
I think the Xbox One is the first console to have no unsigned code execution at all during it's lifetime.
Not that the government doesn't already have copies, of course.
Those things have one big APU (with weak CPU cores), some VRM and memory, GDDR5 + useless DDR3. I'd discount the APU as it'd need someone to make OS support for with the blessing of Sony/Microsoft. That leaves the chips of GDDR5, which can be used by low end GPUs - I don't think they'd ever recoup and investment and likely cheap manual labor of preheat + hot air is the easier option. No idea if anyone would get a license from AMD or NVidia for such GPU.
Edit: the capacitors would have the best value but well... I cant see anyone relying on old caps for anything but repair.
A PS3 only has 256mb of ram, so you need to get it out of the case, remove it from the board, check it still works, package it up and sell it.
But I can buy 2GB for 5 GBP. Can you do all the aforementioned things for less than that?
I wonder if we could sort and melt down chips as a source of raw semiconductors (I hear rare earth metal mining/refining is very dirty). Maybe that would be economic?
With clever software, you can eek much more real world use out of hardware. For example, your PS3 is probably sitting with its CPU idle right now, when it could be doing useful computations for someone else who needs more computing power.
Chips experience solid-state diffusion, so I'd expect the expected survival probability of chips (ignoring any infant mortality effects) to go something like feature_size / sqrt( time ). If this is true, then I'd guess modern process nodes would have very low survival rates out at 100 years. Though, it's been over 20 years since I had any solid state chemistry, and most of my experience with diffusion modeling is in financial models, so take my wild guess with a grain of salt.
Take a 5 year old phone, and the chances of the main board being bad might be 10%... But the chances of the main CPU being bad is probably under 0.1%. The other 99% of failures are mostly water damage, physical damage, bad soldering, fatigue failure, bad nand, etc.
Maybe they'll all fail at once, but I somehow doubt it. IC's from the 1970's are still going strong, also with a low failure rate.