I'd recommend you check out Code Complete if you haven't read it. It is an excellent intro into best practices although its about 1000 pages and a bit dated. As it turns out, we as an industry do have an understanding of what makes code better, and it turns out, its mostly not very controversial - push complexity as low as it can go, simpler interfaces tend to be better, argument pass through causes errors, functions longer than 80 lines are associated with higher error counts, optimize code for human comprehension later (~70% of the effort that goes into code is maintaining it) etc etc.