I really don't think they do. The main thing that they require is that you don't listen to the anxiety (or after experience lose the anxiety completely) that everyone can see through you. It's the illusion of transparency that outs a liar, not any codable authenticity in their reaction. "Tells" are nervous tics, and "lie detectors" are sympathetic nervous system arousal detectors.
People can't see through you. A funny thing you learn when doing public speaking is that they can't even see your crippling nervousness unless it expresses itself in stereotypical tics. If your tics are strange, people will have no insight into them (unless they know you.)
Though, if we allow our imaginations to take off a bit, one could imagine an AI that can represent the entire mental state of an individual in itself and probe it to determine if you’re acting while you’re acting in front of the AI.