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> For example, JetBrains ships its own Java runtime for all of its IDEs.

That's actually the recommended way for Java applications nowadays. There is no official current JRE for end-users to download anymore - the newest version you can download from Oracle is 8 update 281. JDK is currently at version 16.

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I'm not familiar with Java programming.

Does this mean that Oracle has decided that Java 8 is the last consumer version of Java?

Or like you've said that applications shouldn't use the OS level java installation?

The latter. To ship Java applications it is recommended now that you build a custom bundle instead of relying on the system Java.

Post version 8 work was done to modularise core Java. You can now generate a stripped down custom run time to bundle with your application:

https://www.baeldung.com/jlink

Is that just because openjdk is now the canonical (non-enterprise) jdk? Does openjdk not provide an end-user jre anymore?

I don't know the exact thought process that led to this decision but I know that people were incredibly annoyed by the "you need to update Java!" notifications and that applications were rolling their own JRE for quite some time to get around outdated JREs on customer's machines.

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