American weights are normally a 45lb barbell, 45lb plates, and then additional smaller plates. The large plates are just called "plates" and counted on one side. 1 plate -> 135 (45*2+45bar), 2 plates -> 225, 3 plates -> 315, 4 plates -> 405. These seemingly weird numbers become "round" when you've been lifting them a while.
What about jumps smaller than that? It gets a little weird. 45 doesn't exactly break up nicely. You might have 35s, definitely 25s, maybe 15s (especially olympic lifters) then 10s, 5s, and 2.5s (called "twos"). "A plate, a twenty-five and a two" is 190. Then you get into "washers". Maybe a 1.25. Or if you have a few pairs of 0.75s and 0.5s you can make any integer.
This is not ideal. You need to have more different types of plates than is most necessary. The math is summing up lots of odd numbers.
Enter dozenal plates. I'll put a d at the front for dozenal measurements. A dozenal plate would be d40, or 48lbs. Pretty darn close to the 45s. The bar is also d40. So a bar with a plate on each side is... d100. Well that's nice. 2 plates -> d180, 3 plates -> d240, 4 plates -> d300. And the smaller plates: d20, d10, d6, d3. If those jumps of 6 total pounds are too big, you could add d1.6, and d0.9 washers. All perfectly split.