Edit: Well, someone touched a nerve! Doubt me, downvoters? You need but google to find a wealth of information to support the statement. https://www.imaginarycloud.com/blog/deno-vs-node/ is the first result, and there are a litany of other articles explaining the same.
That's a fairly… direct way of putting it :-)
Anyway:
1. What are the key differences in terms of usage and use cases?
2. Why isn't Deno a 'wholesale' replacement for Node?
3. In which respect are the vastly differently inner workings relevant in regards to usage of both products?
Here's what I discovered as what I presume andrew_'s reasoning for why its not a node replacement (from the article)
"Node has been under development for over a decade, which makes it more stable and battle-tested, making it the de facto standard for server-side JavaScript. Deno has only been under development for just two years and continues to be improved. Among other things, Deno is an excellent replacement for utility scripts that are usually written with bash or python."
So to answer the original question, "Does Deno work for frontend?", the premise of the question is inaccurate because Deno is an environment where you can run TypeScript code. It doesn't make sense to "run Deno in the frontend" (though maybe you could come up with some wasm monstrosity enabling an approximation of it). The better question would be, "can I share (as in re-use) TypeScript code in Deno and the Frontend?" to which the answer would be mostly yes -- but you'll still likely end up needing bundlers like webpack to help with it.