In some parts of the world the PDFs get enriched with standardised XML.
https://www.ferd-net.de/standards/what-is-zugferd/what-is-zu...
(If you bill a government agency in Germany, the PDF has to contain the data in ZUGFeRD format.)
[0]: https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/eInv...