For example, on the highway, truck infront of you drops some debris.
What do you do? It can be dangerous to suddenly swerve or brake, but also dangerous to hit something.
What you do In real life is quickly evaluate. You are looking at the object that fell and estimating how deformable it is. For example, if it looks like a wad of paper, you would continue on. Or you estimate if you have clearance based o how big it looks and your mental model of your car’s clearance.
You also look at the traffic beside you and behind you to evaluate risk of braking or swerving.
You are also doing object recognition. If it is an empty box, you may be ok hitting it, but if it is an infant car seat that fell, you will brake hard/ swerve even if it is dangerous.
Also, for people who bring up the safety of human drivers, one thing to consider is the safety of a hybrid approach where the human is still in charge but you have safety features like lane keeping, blind spot monitoring, automatic emergency braking, etc. That hybrid approach may be actually safer than either only human, or only computer driving.