Not sure if “Mr Nobody” qualifies, but it's great. Also “Arrival”.
In the same note of "sci-fi but not exclusively physics", I want to recommend "Another Earth"---very indie production, for better and for worse. Also, if you are a physics nerd, a certain plot point might irritate you. But, on behalf of the film, I ask you to grant it a bit more patience and suspension of disbelief. For me it hits the same dramatic notes as "Interstellar". Good quality intellectual entertainment.
It's actually a pretty decent movie, but it's a drama, not sci-fi. It uses "science" purely as an aesthetic device without actually exploring any scientific effects. If the film didn't have the other Earth in the sky the script would be identical. It would just be forgettable indie drama instead of on people's great sci-fi lists.
Fair assessment, but I beg to differ on your definition of "sci-fi"; I find it quite restrictive. You can say the same for Bradbury's "The Martian Chronicles". Mars might as well be Narnia as he just uses the notion of it being an alien planet to set-up tension and make a point about human behavior. It's more philosophical/psychological than scientific but I'd still call it sci-fi.
I guess you are entitled to expect a harder integration of science from a 2011 sci-fi film but I think "Another Earth" definitely takes from established, if outdated, cues in the genre.
But potaytos and potahtos. We can differ in opinion.
Honestly I wouldn't hesitate to put it on the list (if you liked it of course). Both physics and linguistics play a part.
Also, Tenet was quite good. Antiparticles being time-reversed particles, jinn particles... with humans.