Wrapping primitives comes with its own set of problems. Like having to unbox it all the time for things like basic display.

So you either validate it all the time or you unbox it all the time.

Also with dedicated primitives you need to validate the email when you read it from the dB to hydrate it. So you removed couple of validations here but added a couple there.

My solution is stick to basic DTO and validate in the end at the service receiving the data, and let the errors, if any, propagate up the chain in a way that preserves where the input came from. In most cases I validate once.

So this issue we’re talking about. Doesn’t happen.