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If I understand it correctly the latter isn't true. There are usually allowances for "vacation" type amounts in physical currency but they are small.

It is different in that futures contracts etc. show up a cap gain on a standard asset. But just doing the exchange directly with currency can land you in a situation where you have taxable foreign income.

If you spend more than 10000 euro or dollars in this case, your bank must report the transaction. Same with btc.

Most forex trading happens otc on spot or forward contracts not on futures.