Is there something similar for other language environments?
Is there something similar for other language environments?
There are ways to tether a microcontroller to a host IDE, like Linx for LabVIEW or the firmata protocol for lots of languages, but those methods don't let you go from running code on the workstation to running code on the target (easily) like I think you're describing. http://firmata.org/wiki/Main_Page
The Mathworks' Matlab and Simulink arduino stuff advertises some capability in that regard but I haven't seen it myself.
However, with the amount of RAM/FLASH on modern MCU's you can implement the "compiler" code in Forth. I used a similar scheme for a while during experimental phases, but have moved away as Forth code becomes tedious to modify after you haven't looked at it for a while (e.g. a few weeks). It's just easier to setup OTA firmware updates.
Modern MCUs have so much RAM and flash you could probably run a whole 1980s style development enviroment on them (think say, Turbo Pascal and a collection of tools) on a console, TUI and all.