One might be better off just to visualize things as an ecosystem and look at the potential paths of evolution from the perspective of value added … the rest follows naturally …
Nice! From the perspective of discovering and addressing the needs of customers, imagine one could simulate the ecosystem via a population of customers and other context attributes and evolve the ecosystem forward in time, one would be able to observe and measure the outcomes … As for a standard definition of value, there might not be one since it is context dependent … fundamentally, just like “beauty”, value is in the eyes of its beholder :-).