EDIT: Do you mean that it lacks certain features without a runtime like Node or the browser? For instance, it doesn't have a language construct for opening files like Python or Ruby. If so, I don't think that's a good argument.
I can't find a domain where JS wouldn't fit the description. While it may be a bad fit for certain problems, it can still be done.
I’m sure I could come up with more. JavaScript is a tool, just like c, go, rust, python, lisps, etc. I’m going to give you the benefit of the doubt and hope you just didn’t consider all of these other domains when you made this comment.
Cheers!
For example: Espruino is a platform for embedded JavaScript.
I just think about it this way: Just because you wouldn't doesn't mean you couldn't
I wonder how much of the horizontal scaling trend is driven by JavaScript's horrible threading story.
The former is a general purpose programing language that favors prototypical object oriented programing paradigm but supports multiple other paradigms such as imperative and functional.
The latter uses the JavaScript language and adds on a bunch of specific APIs (such as the DOM) for specific purposes. This includes APIs for DOM manipulation, playing audio, validating inputs, parsing forms, handling key presses, etc.